PRÁCTICAS Y DESAFÍOS DE LA GESTIÓN FINANCIERA DE LOS GOBIERNOS AUTÓNOMOS DESCENTRALIZADOS DEL ECUADOR:
UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
dependencia única de las asignaciones mayores sino de una gestión integral, técnica y
verificable que permita la articulación de la recaudación, planificación, ejecución, control y la
rendición de cuentas.
Palabras clave: GAD cantonal, Gestión financiera, ejecución presupuestaria, ingresos propios,
sostenibilidad fiscal
ABSTRACT: The financial management of Ecuador’s cantonal Decentralized Autonomous
Governments (GADs) is a relevant issue due to its direct implications for fiscal sustainability,
the quality of public spending, and the institutional capacity to address territorial needs.
Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze the practices and challenges of financial management
in Ecuadorian GADs through a systematic review covering the period 2015–2025, with emphasis
on budget planning, expenditure execution, own-source revenues, and financial sustainability.
The study adopted a qualitative, descriptive, and analytical documentary approach, supported
by a systematic review based on the PRISMA method. Searches were conducted in both Spanish
and English across databases such as ScienceDirect, Dialnet, Scielo, and Google Scholar, yielding
an initial total of 3,022 records. A screening phase was then carried out, during which duplicates
were removed and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. As a result, 80 full-text
documents were reviewed, and 35 studies were selected for the final analysis. The findings
revealed persistent limitations in the collection of own-source revenues, particularly regarding
property taxes, business licensing fees, and debt recovery, as well as a high dependence on
transfers from the General State Budget. These conditions have contributed to gaps between
planning and execution, together with weaknesses in internal control, transparency, and citizen
participation. However, effective practices were also identified, including cadastral updating,
the promotion of tax culture, expenditure monitoring, the use of performance indicators, and
accounting harmonization. In this regard, local financial sustainability does not depend solely
on larger allocations, but on comprehensive, technical, and verifiable management capable of
integrating revenue collection, planning, execution, control, and accountability.
Keywords: cantonal GADs, financial management, budget execution, own-source revenues,
fiscal sustainability
INTRODUCCIÓN
La gestión financiera de los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados (GAD) representa un
componente clave en la operatividad de la descentralización, es decir para desarrollar tareas
como la planificación, recaudación, ejecución y el control de sus recursos, actividades que a
posterior se evidencian en los servicios públicos, la inversión territorial y la legitimidad
institucional frente a la ciudadanía. En el ámbito ecuatoriano, la autonomía política y
administrativa de los gobiernos cantonales se encuentra asociada a la autonomía financiera,
manifestada en normas referentes a la organización territorial, competencias, ingresos,
presupuesto como en la rendición de cuentas. En este contexto, el Código Orgánico de
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